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The differential susceptibility hypothesis proposed by Jay Belsky〔Belsky 1997b; 1997a; 2005; Belsky & Pluess, 2009〕 is another interpretation of findings that are usually discussed according to the Diathesis-stress model. Both models suggest that people's development and emotional affect are differentially susceptible to experiences or qualities of the environment. Where the Diathesis-stress model suggests a distinct and mostly negativity-sensitive group, Belsky describes a group that is sensitive to negative experiences but also to positive experiences. These models may be complementary, if some individuals are dually or uniquely positivity-sensitive, while other people are uniquely negativity-sensitive. == Differential susceptibility versus diathesis-stress == The idea that individuals vary in their responsivity to qualities of the environment is generally framed in diathesis-stress〔Monroe & Simons, 1991; Zuckerman, 1999〕 or dual-risk terms.〔Sameroff, 1983〕 That is, some individuals, due to their biological, temperamental and/or behavioral characteristics (i.e., “diathesis” or “risk 1”), are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of negative experiences (i.e., “stress” or “risk 2”), whereas others are relatively resilient with respect to them (see Figure 1, an adaptation of Bakermans-Kranenburg and van IJzendoorn’s (2007) Figure 1). A fundamentally different, even if not competing view, of the very same phenomenon is central to Belsky’s〔Belsky 1997b; 1997a; 2005〕 ''differential susceptibility hypothesis'' and Boyce and Ellis’ (2005) related notion of ''biological sensitivity to context'': Individuals do not simply vary in the degree to which they are vulnerable to the negative effects of adverse experience but, more generally, in their developmental plasticity. On this hypothesis, more “plastic” or malleable individuals are more susceptible than others to environmental influences in a for-better-and-for-worse manner.〔Belsky, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2007〕 That is, susceptible to both the adverse developmental sequelae associated with negative environments and the positive developmental consequences of supportive ones. Less susceptible individuals, in contrast, are less affected by rearing conditions, be they presumptively supportive or undermining of well being (see Figure 2, an adaptation of Bakermans-Kranenburg and van IJzendoorn’s (2007) Figure 1). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Differential susceptibility hypothesis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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